{"title":"Anti Aging","description":"\u003cp\u003eOur anti-aging peptide collection features premium research compounds targeting cellular senescence, skin health, and longevity pathways. Each peptide is synthesized to ≥98% purity (verified by HPLC) and includes a Certificate of Analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Peptides in This Category\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEpitalon\u003c\/strong\u003e - Telomerase activator studied for its potential effects on cellular aging and pineal gland function\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGHK-Cu\u003c\/strong\u003e - Copper peptide researched for skin remodeling, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory properties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThymosin Alpha-1\u003c\/strong\u003e - Immune-modulating peptide investigated for cellular repair and longevity applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSS-31 (Elamipretide)\u003c\/strong\u003e - Mitochondrial-targeting peptide studied for oxidative stress and cellular energy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eResearch Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese peptides are commonly used in studies exploring:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCellular senescence and telomere biology\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSkin aging and dermal matrix remodeling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMitochondrial function and oxidative stress\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmune system modulation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDNA repair mechanisms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuality Standards:\u003c\/strong\u003e All Peptides BioLab products are research-grade only, manufactured in GMP facilities, and verified for purity ≥98% via HPLC. Each order includes a batch-specific Certificate of Analysis. Not for human consumption.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"pinealon","title":"Pinealon","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePinealon — Short Bioregulatory Peptide for Neuroprotection Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePinealon\u003c\/strong\u003e (Glu-Asp-Arg) is a synthetic tripeptide bioregulator by Professor Khavinson. Targets brain tissue, penetrates cell membranes, and interacts with DNA sequences to modulate neuronal survival, differentiation, and antioxidant defense genes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePinealon belongs to Khavinson's short bioregulatory peptides interacting with DNA in promoter regions. Modulates MAP2, synaptophysin, Bcl-2 expression. Protects cortical neurons against H2O2-induced oxidative stress, maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing caspase-3 (\u003cem\u003ePeptides\u003c\/em\u003e, 2011). Also influences melatonin synthesis in pinealocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNeuroprotection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Protective against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death, maintaining viability and mitochondrial function under apoptotic conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEpigenetic Gene Regulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Modulates chromatin condensation and gene accessibility in a sequence-specific manner — novel peptide-DNA interaction.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBrain Aging:\u003c\/strong\u003e Effects on cognitive function markers, hippocampal neurogenesis, and neurotransmitter metabolism in aged models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePineal Gland Function:\u003c\/strong\u003e Effects on melatonin synthesis enzyme expression and circadian rhythm-related gene activity in pinealocytes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003ePinealon\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/pinealon\"\u003ePinealon\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying related pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/epithalon\"\u003eEpitalon\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/semax\"\u003eSemax\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/selank\"\u003eSelank\u003c\/a\u003e. Browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/cognitive-function\"\u003eNeurological Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":60995751412042,"sku":"PBL-PINEALON-10MG","price":49.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-pinealon-neuropeptide-10mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773933892"},{"product_id":"thymosin-alpha-1","title":"Thymosin Alpha-1","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eThymosin Alpha-1 — Thymic Peptide for Dendritic Cell Maturation and Immune Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThymosin Alpha-1\u003c\/strong\u003e (Tα1) is a 28-amino acid thymic peptide (Goldstein et al., 1977). Over 4,400 published articles and 80+ clinical trials. Biological response modifier enhancing innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic cell maturation, T-cell differentiation, and TLR signaling. Approved in 35+ countries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTα1 activates TLR2 and TLR9, promoting dendritic cell maturation with increased MHC I\/II, CD80\/CD86, and IL-12 secretion. Drives Th1 differentiation, enhances NK cell cytotoxicity, and stimulates B cell antibody production. Activates p38 MAPK and NF-κB in TLR-dependent manner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDendritic Cell Biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e Promotes DC maturation and functional competence — enhanced antigen processing, MHC expression, T-cell priming.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eT-Cell Differentiation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Drives CD4+ Th1 polarization and enhances CD8+ cytotoxic function — T-cell polarization mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTLR Signaling Research:\u003c\/strong\u003e Activates TLR2\/TLR9 — studies how thymic peptides modulate pathogen recognition receptors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune Senescence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Partially reverses age-associated immune decline, restoring T-cell repertoire diversity and NK function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eThymosin Alpha-1\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/thymosin-alpha-1\"\u003eThymosin Alpha-1\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying related pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ll-37\"\u003eLL-37\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/kpv\"\u003eKPV\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/tb-500\"\u003eTB-500\u003c\/a\u003e. Browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/recovery\"\u003eImmunomodulatory Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":60995751805258,"sku":"PBL-THYMOSINALPHA-1-60G","price":79.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-thymosin-alpha-1-immune-peptide-10mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773933903"},{"product_id":"ace-031","title":"ACE-031","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eACE-031 — Soluble ActRIIB Decoy Receptor for Myostatin Pathway Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACE-031\u003c\/strong\u003e is a recombinant fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1. This soluble decoy receptor binds and neutralizes members of the TGF-β superfamily, including myostatin and activins, which are negative regulators of skeletal muscle mass. Originally developed by Acceleron Pharma and studied in clinical trials for neuromuscular conditions, \u003cstrong\u003eACE-031\u003c\/strong\u003e remains a critical research tool for investigating muscle growth regulation pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACE-031\u003c\/strong\u003e functions as a ligand trap, sequestering myostatin (GDF-8) and related TGF-β family ligands before they can bind to endogenous ActRIIB receptors on cell surfaces. By intercepting these signaling molecules, the compound effectively blocks the SMAD2\/3 phosphorylation cascade that normally suppresses muscle protein synthesis. Studies published in \u003cem\u003eMolecular and Cellular Endocrinology\u003c\/em\u003e (2010) demonstrated that ActRIIB-Fc administration in murine models resulted in significant increases in lean muscle mass, independent of physical activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMyostatin Inhibition:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eACE-031\u003c\/strong\u003e has been extensively studied as a myostatin antagonist. In preclinical models, treatment resulted in dose-dependent increases in skeletal muscle mass, with research in \u003cem\u003eMuscle \u0026amp; Nerve\u003c\/em\u003e (2013) documenting significant effects on both fast-twitch and slow-twitch fiber types.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNeuromuscular Disease Models:\u003c\/strong\u003e Researchers have investigated ACE-031 in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where it demonstrated preservation of muscle function and reduced fibrosis without directly targeting the underlying genetic defect.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBone Mineral Density:\u003c\/strong\u003e Published research has observed concurrent increases in bone mineral density alongside muscle mass gains, suggesting dual anabolic effects mediated through TGF-β pathway modulation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMetabolic Regulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e ActRIIB pathway blockade has been associated with reduced adiposity in animal models, with researchers observing improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity alongside muscle hypertrophy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eACE-031\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ace-031\"\u003eACE-031\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying muscle growth regulation and TGF-β signaling may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/follistatin-344\"\u003eFollistatin 344\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/igf1-lr3\"\u003eIGF-1 LR3\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/peg-mgf\"\u003ePEG-MGF\u003c\/a\u003e. For a complete overview, browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/growth-hormone\"\u003eGrowth Hormone Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":60995751936330,"sku":"PBL-ACE-031-6G","price":69.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-ace-031-peptide-1mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773933871"},{"product_id":"pe-22-28","title":"PE-22-28","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePE-22-28 — Spadin-Derived Peptide for TREK-1 Channel Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePE-22-28\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic heptapeptide from sortilin propeptide (spadin), selectively antagonizing TREK-1 potassium channels. Identified by Mazella et al. (\u003cem\u003ePNAS\u003c\/em\u003e, 2010). TREK-1 channels are highly expressed in hippocampus and cortex, regulating mood and cognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePE-22-28 selectively blocks TREK-1 (KCNK2), increasing neuronal firing and synaptic transmission. TREK-1 knockout mice show enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis and BDNF signaling (\u003cem\u003eBiological Psychiatry\u003c\/em\u003e). PE-22-28 recapitulates these effects: increased neurogenesis, enhanced 5-HT neurotransmission, CREB\/BDNF upregulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTREK-1 Channel Research:\u003c\/strong\u003e Selective pharmacological tool for studying TREK-1 influence on membrane excitability and synaptic plasticity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHippocampal Neurogenesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Increased neural progenitor proliferation in dentate gyrus with promoted survival and neuronal differentiation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBDNF Signaling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Upregulates BDNF via CREB-dependent mechanisms, enhancing TrkB signaling for synaptic strengthening and LTP.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSerotonergic System:\u003c\/strong\u003e Enhances 5-HT firing and release in dorsal raphe nucleus for studying serotonergic mood and cognition.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003ePE-22-28\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/pp-22-28\"\u003ePE-22-28\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying related pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/semax\"\u003eSemax\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/selank\"\u003eSelank\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/pinealon\"\u003ePinealon\u003c\/a\u003e. Browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/cognitive-function\"\u003eNootropic \u0026amp; Cognitive Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":60995751969098,"sku":"PBL-PE-22-28-6G","price":39.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-pe-22-28-nootropic-peptide-10mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773933888"},{"product_id":"ss-31","title":"SS-31","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSS-31 — Cardiolipin-Targeting Peptide for Mitochondrial Medicine Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSS-31\u003c\/strong\u003e (Elamipretide) is a cell-permeable mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide by Szeto \u0026amp; Schiller. Selectively concentrates in inner mitochondrial membrane binding cardiolipin. First-in-class compound for stabilizing mitochondrial bioenergetics (\u003cem\u003eAntioxidants \u0026amp; Redox Signaling\u003c\/em\u003e, 2014).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSS-31 binds cardiolipin, stabilizing cytochrome c interactions and optimizing electron transfer through complexes III\/IV. Reduces electron leak and superoxide while maintaining ATP synthesis. \u003cem\u003ePNAS\u003c\/em\u003e showed reversal of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and cristae remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMitochondrial Bioenergetics:\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimizes ETC function by stabilizing cardiolipin-protein interactions, reducing proton leak, increasing coupling efficiency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIschemia-Reperfusion Research:\u003c\/strong\u003e Protective effects in cardiac, renal, cerebral I\/R models with reduced infarct size and preserved organ function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAging and Mitochondrial Decline:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reverses cristae remodeling, reduced membrane potential, and decreased ATP capacity in aged skeletal and cardiac tissue.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCardiolipin Biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e First peptide shown to directly interact with and stabilize cardiolipin — new avenues for mitochondrial structure-function research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eSS-31\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ss-31\"\u003eSS-31\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying related pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/mots-c\"\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/nad\"\u003eNAD+\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/epithalon\"\u003eEpitalon\u003c\/a\u003e. Browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anti-aging\"\u003eLongevity Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"10","offer_id":60995752034634,"sku":"PBL-SS-31-6G","price":44.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50","offer_id":60995752067402,"sku":"PBL-SS-31-6G","price":199.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-ss-31-elamipretide-peptide-10mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773933900"},{"product_id":"5-amino1-mq","title":"5-Amino1-mq","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e5-Amino-1MQ — A Selective NNMT Inhibitor for Metabolic Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/strong\u003e (5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium) is a small molecule compound that has gained significant attention in metabolic research as a selective inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). First characterized in studies published by Neelakantan et al. (2017) in \u003cem\u003eBiochemical Pharmacology\u003c\/em\u003e, this compound has demonstrated notable effects on adipocyte metabolism and energy expenditure pathways in preclinical models, making it a valuable tool for researchers investigating obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/strong\u003e functions by selectively inhibiting NNMT, an enzyme that regulates cellular energy metabolism through the methylation of nicotinamide. By blocking NNMT activity, this compound increases intracellular NAD+ concentrations and activates the SAM-dependent methylation cycle. In adipocyte models, NNMT inhibition has been associated with increased expression of energy expenditure genes and reduced lipogenesis. Research published in \u003cem\u003eObesity\u003c\/em\u003e (2018) demonstrated that NNMT inhibition led to significant reductions in fat mass without affecting lean tissue in murine models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAdipocyte Metabolism:\u003c\/strong\u003e In-vitro studies have shown that \u003cstrong\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/strong\u003e reduces lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing NAD+ availability and stimulating sirtuin-dependent metabolic pathways. These findings suggest potential applications in obesity-related metabolic research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNAD+ Biosynthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e By inhibiting NNMT, this compound redirects nicotinamide toward the NAD+ salvage pathway, effectively increasing cellular NAD+ pools. This mechanism is of particular interest to researchers studying age-related NAD+ decline and mitochondrial function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnergy Expenditure:\u003c\/strong\u003e Preclinical studies have observed increased oxygen consumption rates and thermogenic gene expression in white adipose tissue following NNMT inhibition, indicating enhanced cellular energy expenditure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMetabolic Syndrome Pathways:\u003c\/strong\u003e Researchers have investigated the compound's effects on insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obesity models, with published data suggesting improvements in metabolic biomarkers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/5-amino1-mq\"\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying metabolic pathways and energy expenditure may also find these compounds relevant to their work: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/aod9604\"\u003eAOD-9604\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/aicar\"\u003eAICAR\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/mots-c\"\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/a\u003e. For a complete overview, browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/cellular-energy\"\u003eMetabolic Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":60995752296778,"sku":"PBL-5-AMINO1-MQ-6G","price":99.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-5-amino-1mq-fat-metabolism-peptide-50mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773935006"},{"product_id":"nad","title":"NAD+","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNAD+ — Essential Coenzyme for Sirtuin and Cellular Aging Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNAD+\u003c\/strong\u003e (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a fundamental coenzyme in 500+ enzymatic reactions. Critical substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1-7), PARPs, and CD38 — regulating DNA repair, epigenetics, circadian rhythms, and inflammation. Declining NAD+ is a hallmark of aging (Imai \u0026amp; Guarente, \u003cem\u003eTrends in Cell Biology\u003c\/em\u003e, 2014).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ participates in redox reactions (NAD+\/NADH) and is consumed by sirtuins for protein deacetylation, linking metabolic state to epigenetic regulation. PARP1 consumes NAD+ for DNA repair. NAD+ repletion restores mitochondrial function in aged mice (\u003cem\u003eScience\u003c\/em\u003e, 2013). CD38 identified as primary driver of age-related NAD+ decline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSirtuin Biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e Absolute requirement for SIRT1 deacetylation of PGC-1α, FOXO, and histone H3K9 — linking metabolism to gene regulation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDNA Repair \u0026amp; Genomic Stability:\u003c\/strong\u003e PARP1\/2 consume NAD+ for poly(ADP-ribose) chains at damage sites. Depletion compromises repair capacity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMitochondrial Function:\u003c\/strong\u003e NAD+\/NADH ratio drives ETC flux and ATP production. Restoring levels rescues membrane potential in aged tissues.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCircadian Clock:\u003c\/strong\u003e NAD+ oscillates with NAMPT expression cycles. SIRT1 deacetylates BMAL1 and PER2 in NAD+-dependent manner.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eNAD+\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/nad\"\u003eNAD+\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying related pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ss-31\"\u003eSS-31\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/glutathione-1500mg\"\u003eGlutathione\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/epithalon\"\u003eEpitalon\u003c\/a\u003e. Browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anti-aging\"\u003eLongevity Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"500","offer_id":60995752591690,"sku":"PBL-NAD-6G","price":69.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1000","offer_id":60995752624458,"sku":"PBL-NAD-6G","price":139.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-nad-plus-nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-500mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773935010"},{"product_id":"ahk-cu","title":"AHK-CU","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAHK-Cu — Copper Tripeptide Analog for Dermatological and Follicular Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAHK-Cu\u003c\/strong\u003e (Ala-His-Lys-Cu) is a copper-binding tripeptide analog structurally related to GHK-Cu, designed to investigate dermatological regeneration and hair follicle biology. This peptide-copper complex has demonstrated affinity for copper(II) ions and activity in stimulating dermal papilla cell proliferation in published in-vitro research. As a next-generation copper peptide, \u003cstrong\u003eAHK-Cu\u003c\/strong\u003e offers researchers a distinct molecular tool for studying extracellular matrix remodeling and follicular signaling pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAHK-Cu\u003c\/strong\u003e chelates copper(II) ions and delivers them to target cells, where copper serves as a cofactor for lysyl oxidase and other enzymes critical for collagen cross-linking and extracellular matrix assembly. Research published in the \u003cem\u003eJournal of Cosmetic Dermatology\u003c\/em\u003e has shown that AHK-Cu stimulates Wnt\/β-catenin signaling in dermal papilla cells, a pathway essential for hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. Additionally, the peptide has been observed to upregulate VEGF expression, potentially enhancing perifollicular vascularization in tissue models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHair Follicle Biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e In-vitro studies using human dermal papilla cells have demonstrated that \u003cstrong\u003eAHK-Cu\u003c\/strong\u003e promotes cell proliferation and upregulates growth factors associated with the anagen (growth) phase of the hair cycle, including FGF-7 and VEGF.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCollagen Synthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Copper peptide complexes including AHK-Cu have been investigated for their role in stimulating type I and type III collagen production in fibroblast cultures, with potential applications in wound healing and skin aging research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExtracellular Matrix Remodeling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Research has examined how copper delivery via AHK-Cu modulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, balancing tissue degradation and synthesis in skin equivalent models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eScalp Microenvironment:\u003c\/strong\u003e Studies have explored AHK-Cu's effects on the perifollicular microenvironment, including its influence on stem cell niche signaling and inflammatory cytokine modulation in scalp tissue models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eAHK-Cu\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ahk-cu\"\u003eAHK-Cu\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying copper peptide biology and dermatological pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ghk-cu\"\u003eGHK-Cu\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/snap-8\"\u003eSNAP-8\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/melanotan-ii\"\u003eMelanotan II\u003c\/a\u003e. For a complete overview, browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anti-aging\"\u003eDermatological Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":60995752657226,"sku":"PBL-AHK-CU-6G","price":59.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-ahk-cu-copper-tripeptide-50mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773935011"},{"product_id":"ghk-cu","title":"GHK-CU","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGHK-Cu — Copper Tripeptide Complex for Regenerative Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGHK-Cu\u003c\/strong\u003e (Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper) is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide identified in human plasma by Pickart \u0026amp; Thaler (1973). Over 60 peer-reviewed publications document its roles in wound healing, collagen synthesis, anti-inflammatory signaling, and stem cell recruitment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGHK-Cu delivers copper ions essential for lysyl oxidase, SOD, and tyrosinase. It upregulates ECM assembly genes while downregulating metalloproteinases. Genome-wide analysis (\u003cem\u003eGene\u003c\/em\u003e, 2014) revealed modulation of 4,000+ genes across tissue remodeling, inflammation, and antioxidant pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWound Healing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Accelerates fibroblast migration and wound closure in scratch assay models. Enhanced granulation tissue and wound tensile strength in vivo.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCollagen \u0026amp; ECM Biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e Stimulates type I\/III collagen, elastin, and proteoglycan synthesis while organizing collagen fibril architecture.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAnti-Inflammatory:\u003c\/strong\u003e Suppresses IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1 and reduces oxidative damage markers in tissue injury models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStem Cell Recruitment:\u003c\/strong\u003e Promotes recruitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells for endogenous regenerative mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eGHK-Cu\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ghk-cu\"\u003eGHK-Cu\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying related pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ahk-cu\"\u003eAHK-Cu\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/bpc-157\"\u003eBPC-157\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/snap-8\"\u003eSNAP-8\u003c\/a\u003e. Browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anti-aging\"\u003eDermatological Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"50","offer_id":60995753017674,"sku":"PBL-GHK-CU-6G","price":39.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"100","offer_id":60995753050442,"sku":"PBL-GHK-CU-6G","price":69.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-ghk-cu-copper-peptide-50mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773933878"},{"product_id":"epithalon","title":"Epitalon","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEpitalon — Synthetic Tetrapeptide for Telomerase and Longevity Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEpitalon\u003c\/strong\u003e (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) is a synthetic analog of pineal epithalamin developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson. Published in \u003cem\u003eBulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine\u003c\/em\u003e (2003): telomerase reactivation in human somatic cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEpitalon stimulates hTERT expression, the catalytic subunit of telomerase. Khavinson et al. demonstrated telomerase activation in human fetal fibroblasts extending proliferative capacity beyond the Hayflick limit. Also normalizes circadian melatonin secretion in aged models and modulates antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTelomere Biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e One of few peptides shown to activate telomerase in human somatic cells, extending replicative lifespan with maintained genomic stability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePineal Gland Function:\u003c\/strong\u003e Restores nighttime melatonin peak and normalizes disrupted circadian rhythms in aged rodent models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOxidative Stress:\u003c\/strong\u003e Increases SOD, catalase, GPx expression and reduces lipid peroxidation in aged tissues.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChromatin Remodeling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Short peptides interact with specific DNA sequences, influencing chromatin states and senescence-associated gene expression.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eEpitalon\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/epithalon\"\u003eEpitalon\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying related pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/pinealon\"\u003ePinealon\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/nad\"\u003eNAD+\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ss-31\"\u003eSS-31\u003c\/a\u003e. Browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anti-aging\"\u003eLongevity Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"10","offer_id":60995753410890,"sku":"PBL-EPITALON-10MG","price":34.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50","offer_id":60995753443658,"sku":"PBL-EPITALON-10MG","price":154.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-epitalon-telomerase-activator-peptide-10mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773935031"},{"product_id":"mt-1-melanotan-1","title":"MT-1 (Melanotan 1)","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMT-1 (Melanotan 1) — Alpha-MSH Analog for Dermatological and Photoprotection Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMT-1 (Melanotan 1)\u003c\/strong\u003e, also known as Afamelanotide, is a synthetic tridecapeptide analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). First developed at the University of Arizona in the 1980s by Hruby and Hadley, this linear peptide binds with high selectivity to the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), making it a valuable research tool for investigating melanogenesis, photoprotection pathways, and UV-induced DNA damage repair mechanisms. Unlike its cyclic counterpart Melanotan II, \u003cstrong\u003eMT-1\u003c\/strong\u003e demonstrates preferential MC1R selectivity with minimal cross-reactivity at MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R subtypes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelanotan 1\u003c\/strong\u003e activates the MC1R signaling cascade in melanocytes, stimulating adenylyl cyclase activity and increasing intracellular cAMP concentrations. This triggers CREB-mediated transcription of the MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) gene, which subsequently upregulates tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 enzymes essential for eumelanin biosynthesis. Research published in \u003cem\u003eFASEB Journal\u003c\/em\u003e (2005) demonstrated that MC1R activation by α-MSH analogs also enhances nucleotide excision repair (NER) of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, independent of pigmentation effects, suggesting dual protective mechanisms against UV-induced mutagenesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMelanogenesis Pathways:\u003c\/strong\u003e In-vitro studies using human melanocyte cultures have demonstrated that \u003cstrong\u003eMT-1\u003c\/strong\u003e induces dose-dependent increases in eumelanin production through MC1R-cAMP-MITF signaling, providing researchers with a selective pharmacological tool for studying pigmentation biology.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePhotoprotection Research:\u003c\/strong\u003e Published clinical studies in \u003cem\u003eThe New England Journal of Medicine\u003c\/em\u003e (2015) investigated MT-1 in the context of erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), demonstrating increased pain-free sun exposure duration and melanin density in treated subjects, establishing a model for photoprotective compound evaluation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDNA Damage Repair:\u003c\/strong\u003e Research has shown that MC1R signaling activated by MT-1 enhances the repair of UV-induced DNA photoproducts through cAMP-dependent upregulation of XPC and DDB2 nucleotide excision repair proteins, independent of melanin production.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSkin Biology Models:\u003c\/strong\u003e Investigators have utilized MT-1 in 3D skin equivalent models and organotypic cultures to study melanocyte-keratinocyte crosstalk, melanosome transfer dynamics, and the paracrine effects of melanocortin signaling on surrounding cell populations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eMT-1 (Melanotan 1)\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/mt-1-melanotan-1\"\u003eMT-1\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying melanocortin receptor signaling and dermatological pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/melanotan-ii\"\u003eMelanotan II\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/pt-141\"\u003ePT-141\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ghk-cu\"\u003eGHK-Cu\u003c\/a\u003e. For a complete overview, browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/sexual-health\"\u003eSexual Health Research\u003c\/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anti-aging\"\u003eAnti-Aging Research\u003c\/a\u003e collections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":61420646465866,"sku":"PBL-MT1-10MG","price":34.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-mt-1-melanotan-1-10mg-research-grade.webp?v=1774393539"},{"product_id":"ghk-basic","title":"GHK Basic","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGHK Basic — Tripeptide Growth Factor for Regenerative and Anti-Aging Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGHK (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a naturally occurring human tripeptide first identified by Pickart and Thaler in 1973 from human plasma. This simple three-amino acid sequence (Gly-His-Lys) was discovered through its ability to cause aged human liver tissue to synthesize proteins characteristic of younger tissue. Unlike its copper-bound form GHK-Cu, \u003cstrong\u003eGHK Basic\u003c\/strong\u003e is supplied without the copper ion, allowing researchers to control the metallopeptide chemistry of their experimental systems. GHK naturally chelates copper(II) with high affinity (log K = 16.44) and will readily form the GHK-Cu complex when copper is present, making this format ideal for studies requiring precise control over copper delivery and speciation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGHK\u003c\/strong\u003e exerts broad biological effects through multiple mechanisms. Genomic studies published in \u003cem\u003eJournal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology\u003c\/em\u003e (2012) by Pickart et al. revealed that GHK modulates the expression of over 4,000 human genes, resetting gene expression patterns from aged profiles toward youthful configurations. Key pathways include upregulation of collagen synthesis genes (COL1A1, COL3A1), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and antioxidant response elements (Nrf2 pathway). GHK also stimulates decorin expression, which serves as a natural TGF-β trap, helping regulate fibrosis and tissue remodeling. Its copper-chelating function additionally supports the activity of copper-dependent enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysyl oxidase.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGene Expression Reprogramming:\u003c\/strong\u003e Comprehensive microarray analyses have demonstrated that \u003cstrong\u003eGHK\u003c\/strong\u003e resets the expression of DNA repair genes, antioxidant genes, and stem cell-related genes toward patterns observed in younger tissues, providing a powerful model for studying the molecular mechanisms of tissue aging and rejuvenation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExtracellular Matrix Biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e GHK has been shown to stimulate collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in fibroblast cultures while simultaneously enhancing the breakdown of large, cross-linked collagen aggregates through controlled MMP regulation, promoting organized tissue remodeling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMetal Ion Biochemistry:\u003c\/strong\u003e The GHK Basic format enables researchers to study copper(II) chelation kinetics, metallopeptide formation constants, and the differential biological activity of apo-GHK versus holo-GHK-Cu complexes in controlled experimental settings.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWound Healing Models:\u003c\/strong\u003e Published studies have documented accelerated wound closure, enhanced angiogenesis, and improved tensile strength in dermal wound models treated with GHK, mediated through coordinated upregulation of growth factors including VEGF, FGF-2, and TGF-β1.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eGHK Basic\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ghk-basic\"\u003eGHK Basic\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying copper peptide biology and tissue regeneration may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ghk-cu\"\u003eGHK-Cu\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ahk-cu\"\u003eAHK-Cu\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/bpc-157\"\u003eBPC-157\u003c\/a\u003e. For a complete overview, browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anti-aging\"\u003eAnti-Aging Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":61420648169802,"sku":"PBL-GHK-BASIC-50MG","price":29.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-ghk-basic-peptide-50mg-research-grade.webp?v=1774393553"},{"product_id":"thymalin","title":"Thymalin","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eThymalin — Thymic Bioregulatory Peptide for Immunomodulation and Aging Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThymalin\u003c\/strong\u003e (also known as Thymaline) is a polypeptide complex originally isolated from the thymus gland, developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. As one of the foundational compounds in the Khavinson bioregulatory peptide paradigm, Thymalin has been the subject of over 40 years of research, with more than 100 published studies documenting its immunomodulatory and geroprotective properties. The compound acts on thymic epithelial cells and T-lymphocyte precursors, restoring immune function parameters that decline with age-related thymic involution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThymalin\u003c\/strong\u003e acts on the neuroendocrine-immune regulatory axis by modulating thymic microenvironment signaling. Published research in \u003cem\u003eBulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine\u003c\/em\u003e has demonstrated that Thymalin restores the balance between T-helper and T-suppressor lymphocyte populations, normalizes IL-2 receptor expression on T-cells, and stimulates thymulin (FTS) secretion from thymic epithelial cells. The compound also modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-thymic axis, with studies showing restoration of melatonin and cortisol circadian rhythmicity in aged animal models. Additionally, Khavinson's research published in \u003cem\u003eAdvances in Gerontology\u003c\/em\u003e demonstrated that Thymalin influences telomerase activity in immune cells, potentially counteracting replicative senescence in the lymphocyte compartment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune Restoration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Clinical studies involving over 300 participants published by Khavinson and colleagues demonstrated that \u003cstrong\u003eThymalin\u003c\/strong\u003e administration restored T-cell immunity indices in elderly subjects, normalizing CD4\/CD8 ratios and enhancing natural killer cell cytotoxicity, establishing it as a reference compound for immune aging research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGeroprotection:\u003c\/strong\u003e A landmark 15-year observational study published in \u003cem\u003eBulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine\u003c\/em\u003e (2003) documented a 28% reduction in cardiovascular mortality and a 2.0-fold reduction in overall mortality rate in elderly patients who received periodic Thymalin and Epithalon treatment courses.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThymic Involution:\u003c\/strong\u003e Researchers have utilized Thymalin to study the mechanisms of age-related thymic atrophy, demonstrating partial reversal of thymic involution markers including restoration of cortical-medullary architecture and thymocyte populations in aged rodent models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNeuroimmune Crosstalk:\u003c\/strong\u003e Published studies have examined how Thymalin modulates the bidirectional communication between the immune and nervous systems, documenting effects on pineal melatonin synthesis, cortisol rhythmicity, and neuropeptide expression patterns in hypothalamic nuclei.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eThymalin\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/thymalin\"\u003eThymalin\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying bioregulatory peptides and immunomodulation may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/epithalon\"\u003eEpithalon\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/thymosin-alpha-1\"\u003eThymosin Alpha-1\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/bpc-157\"\u003eBPC-157\u003c\/a\u003e. For a complete overview, browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/recovery\"\u003eRecovery Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":61420648366410,"sku":"PBL-THYMALIN-10MG","price":29.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-thymalin-peptide-10mg-research-grade.webp?v=1774393555"},{"product_id":"foxo4-dri","title":"FOXO4-DRI","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFOXO4-DRI — Senolytic Peptide for Cellular Aging Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFOXO4-DRI\u003c\/strong\u003e is a D-retro-inverso peptide designed to disrupt the interaction between FOXO4 and p53 transcription factors in senescent cells. First described by Baar et al. (2017) in \u003cem\u003eCell\u003c\/em\u003e, this peptide selectively induces apoptosis in senescent cells by preventing FOXO4-mediated nuclear exclusion of p53, thereby restoring the cell's ability to undergo programmed cell death. As a targeted senolytic agent, \u003cstrong\u003eFOXO4-DRI\u003c\/strong\u003e has become a pivotal research tool in the study of cellular senescence and age-related tissue dysfunction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFOXO4-DRI\u003c\/strong\u003e is engineered as a D-amino acid retro-inverso peptide, conferring exceptional proteolytic stability compared to native L-peptide sequences. In senescent cells, FOXO4 sequesters p53 in the nucleus through direct protein-protein interaction, preventing apoptotic signaling. FOXO4-DRI competitively binds FOXO4, disrupting this complex and allowing p53 to translocate to mitochondria, where it triggers caspase-dependent apoptosis. Crucially, this mechanism is selective for senescent cells—non-senescent cells with low FOXO4 expression remain unaffected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCellular Senescence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Landmark research demonstrated that \u003cstrong\u003eFOXO4-DRI\u003c\/strong\u003e selectively eliminates senescent cells in aged murine models, resulting in restoration of fur density, renal function, and physical performance parameters including running wheel activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSenescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP):\u003c\/strong\u003e By clearing senescent cells, FOXO4-DRI reduces the pro-inflammatory SASP milieu, which has been implicated in chronic tissue inflammation and age-related pathology progression.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemotherapy-Induced Senescence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Preclinical models have demonstrated that FOXO4-DRI can mitigate doxorubicin-induced cellular senescence, a significant contributor to chemotherapy side effects and long-term tissue damage.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTissue Regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Researchers have observed enhanced tissue repair capacity following senescent cell clearance, particularly in hepatic, renal, and dermal tissue models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDosage per vial:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5mg lyophilized powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥98% (HPLC verified)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePeptide Type:\u003c\/strong\u003e D-retro-inverso modified peptide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e -20°C, protected from light\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eFOXO4-DRI\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/foxo4-dri\"\u003eFOXO4-DRI\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying senescence and aging pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/epitalon\"\u003eEpitalon\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ghk-cu\"\u003eGHK-Cu\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/pinealon\"\u003ePinealon\u003c\/a\u003e. For a complete overview, browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anti-aging\"\u003eAnti-Aging Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":61420737364298,"sku":"PBL-FOXO4DRI-5MG","price":59.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-foxo4-dri-peptide-5mg-research-grade.webp?v=1774393557"},{"product_id":"n-acetyl-epitalon-amidate","title":"N-Acetyl Epitalon Amidate","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eN-Acetyl Epitalon Amidate — Enhanced Telomerase-Activating Peptide for Longevity Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN-Acetyl Epitalon Amidate\u003c\/strong\u003e is a pharmacologically optimized derivative of Epitalon (Epithalon), the synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) originally developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. This modified form features N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal amidation, conferring significantly enhanced metabolic stability and bioavailability compared to native Epitalon. The parent compound was first described for its telomerase-activating properties in research published in \u003cem\u003eBulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine\u003c\/em\u003e (2003).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN-Acetyl Epitalon Amidate\u003c\/strong\u003e activates telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene expression, the catalytic subunit responsible for telomere elongation. The N-acetyl modification protects against aminopeptidase degradation, while C-terminal amidation increases receptor binding affinity and resistance to carboxypeptidases. Research has demonstrated that Epitalon-class peptides interact with DNA regions upstream of the hTERT promoter, modulating transcription factor binding and chromatin accessibility. Additionally, the compound influences pineal gland melatonin synthesis through neuroendocrine pathway modulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTelomerase Activation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Studies on human somatic cell cultures have demonstrated that Epitalon peptides reactivate telomerase in senescent fibroblasts, extending replicative lifespan beyond the Hayflick limit while maintaining chromosomal stability and normal karyotype.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePineal Function and Circadian Biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e Research in aged rodent models has shown that Epitalon administration restores circadian melatonin secretion patterns, normalizes pineal gland morphology, and modulates suprachiasmatic nucleus output.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnhanced Pharmacokinetics:\u003c\/strong\u003e The N-acetyl amidated form demonstrates a significantly longer plasma half-life compared to native Epitalon, with studies reporting 3-5x greater stability in serum degradation assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntioxidant Gene Expression:\u003c\/strong\u003e Published data indicates upregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase expression following treatment, suggesting enhanced endogenous antioxidant defense capacity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDosage per vial:\u003c\/strong\u003e 20mg lyophilized powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥98% (HPLC verified)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSequence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ac-Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly-NH₂\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e -20°C, protected from light\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eN-Acetyl Epitalon Amidate\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our product is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability, shipped worldwide in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying telomere biology and longevity may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/epitalon\"\u003eEpitalon\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/pinealon\"\u003ePinealon\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ghk-cu\"\u003eGHK-Cu\u003c\/a\u003e. For a complete overview, browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anti-aging\"\u003eAnti-Aging Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":61420737528138,"sku":"PBL-NAEPITALON-20MG","price":49.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-n-acetyl-epitalon-amidate-20mg-research-grade.webp?v=1774393562"},{"product_id":"humanin","title":"Humanin","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHumanin — Mitochondrial-Derived Cytoprotective Peptide for Aging and Metabolic Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHumanin\u003c\/strong\u003e is a 24-amino acid micropeptide encoded by the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene (MT-RNR2). First discovered by Hashimoto et al. (2001) in \u003cem\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c\/em\u003e during a functional screen for neuroprotective factors, Humanin represents the first identified mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) with demonstrated cytoprotective activity. Its discovery opened an entirely new field of research into mitochondrial-encoded signaling molecules and their role in cellular stress response, aging, and metabolic regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHumanin\u003c\/strong\u003e exerts its cytoprotective effects through multiple receptor-mediated and intracellular mechanisms. Extracellularly, it binds the trimeric receptor complex composed of CNTFR, WSX-1, and gp130, activating JAK2\/STAT3 signaling cascades that upregulate pro-survival gene expression. Humanin also binds IGFBP-3 and Bax protein intracellularly, preventing Bax-mediated mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release. Additionally, it activates AMPK signaling and enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics through PGC-1α pathway modulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNeuroprotection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Research has demonstrated that \u003cstrong\u003eHumanin\u003c\/strong\u003e protects neurons against amyloid-β toxicity, glutamate excitotoxicity, and serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in primary cortical neuron cultures, with effective concentrations in the nanomolar range.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMitochondrial Biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e As the founding member of the MDP family, Humanin has enabled researchers to characterize mitochondrial-nuclear retrograde signaling pathways, revealing how mitochondrial genome-encoded peptides regulate cellular stress responses.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMetabolic Regulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Studies in diet-induced obesity models have shown that Humanin improves insulin sensitivity, reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis, and enhances peripheral glucose uptake through AMPK-dependent mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAging Biomarker:\u003c\/strong\u003e Circulating Humanin levels decline with age in multiple species, and epidemiological studies have correlated higher Humanin levels with improved metabolic parameters in elderly human cohorts, establishing it as a potential aging biomarker.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDosage per vial:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5mg lyophilized powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥98% (HPLC verified)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSequence:\u003c\/strong\u003e MAPRGFSCLLLLTSEIDLPVKRRA (24 aa)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e ~2,687 Da\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e -20°C, protected from light\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eHumanin\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our product is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability, shipped worldwide in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying mitochondrial peptides and cellular protection may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/mots-c\"\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ss-31\"\u003eSS-31\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/epitalon\"\u003eEpitalon\u003c\/a\u003e. For a complete overview, browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anti-aging\"\u003eAnti-Aging Research\u003c\/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/cellular-energy\"\u003eCellular Energy Research\u003c\/a\u003e collections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":61420738085194,"sku":"PBL-HUMANIN-5MG","price":44.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-humanin-peptide-5mg-research-grade.webp?v=1774393571"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/collections\/peptides-biolab-epitalon-telomerase-activator-peptide-10mg-research-grade.webp?v=1774382726","url":"https:\/\/peptides-biolab.com\/collections\/anti-aging.oembed","provider":"Peptides BioLab","version":"1.0","type":"link"}