{"title":"Cellular Energy","description":"\u003cp\u003eOur cellular energy collection features peptides targeting mitochondrial function, metabolic pathways, and cellular ATP production. All compounds are research-grade with ≥98% HPLC-verified purity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eFeatured Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMOTS-C\u003c\/strong\u003e - Mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for metabolic regulation and exercise response\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSS-31 (Elamipretide)\u003c\/strong\u003e - Mitochondrial-targeting peptide researched for cellular energy optimization\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNAD+\u003c\/strong\u003e - Essential coenzyme studied for cellular metabolism and energy production\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/strong\u003e - NNMT inhibitor researched for metabolic regulation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eResearch Focus Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMitochondrial biogenesis and function\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCellular respiration and ATP synthesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMetabolic health and insulin sensitivity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExercise performance and recovery\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAge-related metabolic decline\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Standards:\u003c\/strong\u003e Peptides BioLab supplies pharmaceutical-grade peptides for research purposes only. Each batch is tested for purity ≥98% (HPLC) and includes COA documentation. Not intended for human use.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"slu-pp-332","title":"SLU-PP-332","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSLU-PP-332 — ERRα\/γ Agonist for Exercise Mimetic and Metabolic Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSLU-PP-332\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic ERRα\/ERRγ agonist developed at Saint Louis University (\u003cem\u003eACS Chemical Biology\u003c\/em\u003e, 2023). These orphan nuclear receptors are master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Novel exercise mimetic activating endurance-exercise transcriptional programs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSLU-PP-332 stabilizes active conformations of ERRα\/ERRγ, enhancing transcription of PGC-1α, NRF1, TFAM, CPT1b, and oxidative phosphorylation complex genes. Increased fatigue-resistant fiber content and running endurance in mouse models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExercise Mimetic Research:\u003c\/strong\u003e Recapitulates endurance training adaptations: fiber type shifting, mitochondrial density, oxidative capacity — via pharmacological ERR activation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eERR Nuclear Receptor Biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e One of few validated ERRα\/γ agonists — separates ERR-dependent from ERR-independent exercise adaptations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMitochondrial Biogenesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Drives PGC-1α\/NRF1\/TFAM cascade for mitochondrial DNA replication and respiratory chain assembly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFiber Type Specification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Increased slow-twitch myosin expression and oxidative enzyme activity — molecular determinants of fiber type composition.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eSLU-PP-332\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/slu-pp-322\"\u003eSLU-PP-332\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying related pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/aicar\"\u003eAICAR\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/5-amino1-mq\"\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/mots-c\"\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/a\u003e. Browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/cellular-energy\"\u003eMetabolic Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":60995751477578,"sku":"PBL-SLU-PP-332-10MG","price":69.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-slu-pp-332-exercise-mimetic-5mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773933897"},{"product_id":"thymosin-alpha-1","title":"Thymosin Alpha-1","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eThymosin Alpha-1 — Thymic Peptide for Dendritic Cell Maturation and Immune Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThymosin Alpha-1\u003c\/strong\u003e (Tα1) is a 28-amino acid thymic peptide (Goldstein et al., 1977). Over 4,400 published articles and 80+ clinical trials. Biological response modifier enhancing innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic cell maturation, T-cell differentiation, and TLR signaling. Approved in 35+ countries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTα1 activates TLR2 and TLR9, promoting dendritic cell maturation with increased MHC I\/II, CD80\/CD86, and IL-12 secretion. Drives Th1 differentiation, enhances NK cell cytotoxicity, and stimulates B cell antibody production. Activates p38 MAPK and NF-κB in TLR-dependent manner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDendritic Cell Biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e Promotes DC maturation and functional competence — enhanced antigen processing, MHC expression, T-cell priming.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eT-Cell Differentiation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Drives CD4+ Th1 polarization and enhances CD8+ cytotoxic function — T-cell polarization mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTLR Signaling Research:\u003c\/strong\u003e Activates TLR2\/TLR9 — studies how thymic peptides modulate pathogen recognition receptors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune Senescence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Partially reverses age-associated immune decline, restoring T-cell repertoire diversity and NK function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eThymosin Alpha-1\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/thymosin-alpha-1\"\u003eThymosin Alpha-1\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying related pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ll-37\"\u003eLL-37\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/kpv\"\u003eKPV\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/tb-500\"\u003eTB-500\u003c\/a\u003e. Browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/recovery\"\u003eImmunomodulatory Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":60995751805258,"sku":"PBL-THYMOSINALPHA-1-60G","price":79.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-thymosin-alpha-1-immune-peptide-10mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773933903"},{"product_id":"pe-22-28","title":"PE-22-28","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePE-22-28 — Spadin-Derived Peptide for TREK-1 Channel Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePE-22-28\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic heptapeptide from sortilin propeptide (spadin), selectively antagonizing TREK-1 potassium channels. Identified by Mazella et al. (\u003cem\u003ePNAS\u003c\/em\u003e, 2010). TREK-1 channels are highly expressed in hippocampus and cortex, regulating mood and cognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePE-22-28 selectively blocks TREK-1 (KCNK2), increasing neuronal firing and synaptic transmission. TREK-1 knockout mice show enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis and BDNF signaling (\u003cem\u003eBiological Psychiatry\u003c\/em\u003e). PE-22-28 recapitulates these effects: increased neurogenesis, enhanced 5-HT neurotransmission, CREB\/BDNF upregulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTREK-1 Channel Research:\u003c\/strong\u003e Selective pharmacological tool for studying TREK-1 influence on membrane excitability and synaptic plasticity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHippocampal Neurogenesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Increased neural progenitor proliferation in dentate gyrus with promoted survival and neuronal differentiation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBDNF Signaling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Upregulates BDNF via CREB-dependent mechanisms, enhancing TrkB signaling for synaptic strengthening and LTP.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSerotonergic System:\u003c\/strong\u003e Enhances 5-HT firing and release in dorsal raphe nucleus for studying serotonergic mood and cognition.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003ePE-22-28\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/pp-22-28\"\u003ePE-22-28\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying related pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/semax\"\u003eSemax\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/selank\"\u003eSelank\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/pinealon\"\u003ePinealon\u003c\/a\u003e. Browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/cognitive-function\"\u003eNootropic \u0026amp; Cognitive Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":60995751969098,"sku":"PBL-PE-22-28-6G","price":39.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-pe-22-28-nootropic-peptide-10mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773933888"},{"product_id":"ss-31","title":"SS-31","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSS-31 — Cardiolipin-Targeting Peptide for Mitochondrial Medicine Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSS-31\u003c\/strong\u003e (Elamipretide) is a cell-permeable mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide by Szeto \u0026amp; Schiller. Selectively concentrates in inner mitochondrial membrane binding cardiolipin. First-in-class compound for stabilizing mitochondrial bioenergetics (\u003cem\u003eAntioxidants \u0026amp; Redox Signaling\u003c\/em\u003e, 2014).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSS-31 binds cardiolipin, stabilizing cytochrome c interactions and optimizing electron transfer through complexes III\/IV. Reduces electron leak and superoxide while maintaining ATP synthesis. \u003cem\u003ePNAS\u003c\/em\u003e showed reversal of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and cristae remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMitochondrial Bioenergetics:\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimizes ETC function by stabilizing cardiolipin-protein interactions, reducing proton leak, increasing coupling efficiency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIschemia-Reperfusion Research:\u003c\/strong\u003e Protective effects in cardiac, renal, cerebral I\/R models with reduced infarct size and preserved organ function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAging and Mitochondrial Decline:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reverses cristae remodeling, reduced membrane potential, and decreased ATP capacity in aged skeletal and cardiac tissue.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCardiolipin Biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e First peptide shown to directly interact with and stabilize cardiolipin — new avenues for mitochondrial structure-function research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eSS-31\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ss-31\"\u003eSS-31\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying related pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/mots-c\"\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/nad\"\u003eNAD+\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/epithalon\"\u003eEpitalon\u003c\/a\u003e. Browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anti-aging\"\u003eLongevity Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"10","offer_id":60995752034634,"sku":"PBL-SS-31-6G","price":44.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"50","offer_id":60995752067402,"sku":"PBL-SS-31-6G","price":199.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-ss-31-elamipretide-peptide-10mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773933900"},{"product_id":"5-amino1-mq","title":"5-Amino1-mq","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e5-Amino-1MQ — A Selective NNMT Inhibitor for Metabolic Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/strong\u003e (5-Amino-1-methylquinolinium) is a small molecule compound that has gained significant attention in metabolic research as a selective inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). First characterized in studies published by Neelakantan et al. (2017) in \u003cem\u003eBiochemical Pharmacology\u003c\/em\u003e, this compound has demonstrated notable effects on adipocyte metabolism and energy expenditure pathways in preclinical models, making it a valuable tool for researchers investigating obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/strong\u003e functions by selectively inhibiting NNMT, an enzyme that regulates cellular energy metabolism through the methylation of nicotinamide. By blocking NNMT activity, this compound increases intracellular NAD+ concentrations and activates the SAM-dependent methylation cycle. In adipocyte models, NNMT inhibition has been associated with increased expression of energy expenditure genes and reduced lipogenesis. Research published in \u003cem\u003eObesity\u003c\/em\u003e (2018) demonstrated that NNMT inhibition led to significant reductions in fat mass without affecting lean tissue in murine models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAdipocyte Metabolism:\u003c\/strong\u003e In-vitro studies have shown that \u003cstrong\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/strong\u003e reduces lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing NAD+ availability and stimulating sirtuin-dependent metabolic pathways. These findings suggest potential applications in obesity-related metabolic research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNAD+ Biosynthesis:\u003c\/strong\u003e By inhibiting NNMT, this compound redirects nicotinamide toward the NAD+ salvage pathway, effectively increasing cellular NAD+ pools. This mechanism is of particular interest to researchers studying age-related NAD+ decline and mitochondrial function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnergy Expenditure:\u003c\/strong\u003e Preclinical studies have observed increased oxygen consumption rates and thermogenic gene expression in white adipose tissue following NNMT inhibition, indicating enhanced cellular energy expenditure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMetabolic Syndrome Pathways:\u003c\/strong\u003e Researchers have investigated the compound's effects on insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obesity models, with published data suggesting improvements in metabolic biomarkers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/5-amino1-mq\"\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying metabolic pathways and energy expenditure may also find these compounds relevant to their work: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/aod9604\"\u003eAOD-9604\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/aicar\"\u003eAICAR\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/mots-c\"\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/a\u003e. For a complete overview, browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/cellular-energy\"\u003eMetabolic Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":60995752296778,"sku":"PBL-5-AMINO1-MQ-6G","price":99.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-5-amino-1mq-fat-metabolism-peptide-50mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773935006"},{"product_id":"nad","title":"NAD+","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNAD+ — Essential Coenzyme for Sirtuin and Cellular Aging Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNAD+\u003c\/strong\u003e (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a fundamental coenzyme in 500+ enzymatic reactions. Critical substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1-7), PARPs, and CD38 — regulating DNA repair, epigenetics, circadian rhythms, and inflammation. Declining NAD+ is a hallmark of aging (Imai \u0026amp; Guarente, \u003cem\u003eTrends in Cell Biology\u003c\/em\u003e, 2014).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ participates in redox reactions (NAD+\/NADH) and is consumed by sirtuins for protein deacetylation, linking metabolic state to epigenetic regulation. PARP1 consumes NAD+ for DNA repair. NAD+ repletion restores mitochondrial function in aged mice (\u003cem\u003eScience\u003c\/em\u003e, 2013). CD38 identified as primary driver of age-related NAD+ decline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSirtuin Biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e Absolute requirement for SIRT1 deacetylation of PGC-1α, FOXO, and histone H3K9 — linking metabolism to gene regulation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDNA Repair \u0026amp; Genomic Stability:\u003c\/strong\u003e PARP1\/2 consume NAD+ for poly(ADP-ribose) chains at damage sites. Depletion compromises repair capacity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMitochondrial Function:\u003c\/strong\u003e NAD+\/NADH ratio drives ETC flux and ATP production. Restoring levels rescues membrane potential in aged tissues.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCircadian Clock:\u003c\/strong\u003e NAD+ oscillates with NAMPT expression cycles. SIRT1 deacetylates BMAL1 and PER2 in NAD+-dependent manner.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eNAD+\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/nad\"\u003eNAD+\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying related pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ss-31\"\u003eSS-31\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/glutathione-1500mg\"\u003eGlutathione\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/epithalon\"\u003eEpitalon\u003c\/a\u003e. Browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anti-aging\"\u003eLongevity Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"500","offer_id":60995752591690,"sku":"PBL-NAD-6G","price":69.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"1000","offer_id":60995752624458,"sku":"PBL-NAD-6G","price":139.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-nad-plus-nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-500mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773935010"},{"product_id":"aicar","title":"Aicar","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAICAR — Cell-Permeable AMPK Activator for Metabolic Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAICAR\u003c\/strong\u003e (Acadesine) is a cell-permeable nucleoside analog that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. First described by Corton et al. (1995), AICAR has become one of the most widely used pharmacological tools in metabolic research, spanning exercise physiology, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAICAR enters cells via adenosine transporters and is phosphorylated to ZMP, an AMP mimetic that binds the γ-subunit of AMPK, triggering allosteric activation. This shifts metabolism toward catabolic pathways — fatty acid oxidation, glucose uptake, mitochondrial biogenesis. Narkar et al. (2008, \u003cem\u003eCell\u003c\/em\u003e) showed AICAR increased running endurance by 44% in sedentary mice.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAMPK Activation \u0026amp; Energy Sensing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gold-standard pharmacological AMPK activator for studying energy depletion responses, mTOR suppression, and autophagy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExercise Mimetic Research:\u003c\/strong\u003e Recapitulates molecular adaptations of endurance exercise: PGC-1α upregulation, mitochondrial biogenesis, slow-twitch fiber switching.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGlucose Metabolism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Increases GLUT4 translocation for insulin-independent glucose uptake in muscle cell models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLipid Metabolism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Phosphorylates ACC, reducing malonyl-CoA and stimulating CPT1-dependent fatty acid oxidation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eAICAR\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/aicar\"\u003eAICAR\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying related pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/5-amino1-mq\"\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/mots-c\"\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/slu-pp-322\"\u003eSLU-PP-332\u003c\/a\u003e. Browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/cellular-energy\"\u003eMetabolic Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":60995753083210,"sku":"PBL-AICAR-6G","price":39.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-aicar-ampk-activator-50mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773935021"},{"product_id":"mots-c","title":"MOTS-C","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMOTS-c — Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide for Metabolic Reprogramming Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/strong\u003e is a 16-amino acid mitochondrial-encoded peptide discovered by Lee et al. at USC (\u003cem\u003eCell Metabolism\u003c\/em\u003e, 2015). One of the first mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) with systemic signaling, representing a novel class of retrograde signaling molecules.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMOTS-c translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress, regulating AMPK-dependent transcription. It inhibits the folate-methionine cycle through AICAR accumulation, mimicking caloric restriction. Circulating levels decline with age, correlating with metabolic dysfunction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMitohormesis \u0026amp; Retrograde Signaling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Paradigm of mitochondria-to-nucleus peptide communication coordinating metabolic adaptation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAMPK Activation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Unique activation via folate cycle modulation — distinct from classical AMPK activators.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExercise Physiology:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels increase during exercise; enhances exercise capacity in aged mice, mediating metabolic benefits of activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAging and Longevity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Declining levels correlate with aging; investigated for reversing insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our \u003ca href=\"\/products\/mots-c\"\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/a\u003e is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability and shelf life, shipped worldwide from our state-of-the-art facilities in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying related pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/aicar\"\u003eAICAR\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/5-amino1-mq\"\u003e5-Amino-1MQ\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ss-31\"\u003eSS-31\u003c\/a\u003e. Browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/cellular-energy\"\u003eMetabolic Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"10","offer_id":60995753247050,"sku":"PBL-MOTS-C-10MG","price":49.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true},{"title":"40","offer_id":60995753279818,"sku":"PBL-MOTS-C-10MG","price":179.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-mots-c-mitochondrial-peptide-10mg-research-grade.webp?v=1773935026"},{"product_id":"humanin","title":"Humanin","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHumanin — Mitochondrial-Derived Cytoprotective Peptide for Aging and Metabolic Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHumanin\u003c\/strong\u003e is a 24-amino acid micropeptide encoded by the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene (MT-RNR2). First discovered by Hashimoto et al. (2001) in \u003cem\u003eProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c\/em\u003e during a functional screen for neuroprotective factors, Humanin represents the first identified mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) with demonstrated cytoprotective activity. Its discovery opened an entirely new field of research into mitochondrial-encoded signaling molecules and their role in cellular stress response, aging, and metabolic regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHumanin\u003c\/strong\u003e exerts its cytoprotective effects through multiple receptor-mediated and intracellular mechanisms. Extracellularly, it binds the trimeric receptor complex composed of CNTFR, WSX-1, and gp130, activating JAK2\/STAT3 signaling cascades that upregulate pro-survival gene expression. Humanin also binds IGFBP-3 and Bax protein intracellularly, preventing Bax-mediated mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release. Additionally, it activates AMPK signaling and enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics through PGC-1α pathway modulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNeuroprotection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Research has demonstrated that \u003cstrong\u003eHumanin\u003c\/strong\u003e protects neurons against amyloid-β toxicity, glutamate excitotoxicity, and serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in primary cortical neuron cultures, with effective concentrations in the nanomolar range.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMitochondrial Biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e As the founding member of the MDP family, Humanin has enabled researchers to characterize mitochondrial-nuclear retrograde signaling pathways, revealing how mitochondrial genome-encoded peptides regulate cellular stress responses.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMetabolic Regulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Studies in diet-induced obesity models have shown that Humanin improves insulin sensitivity, reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis, and enhances peripheral glucose uptake through AMPK-dependent mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAging Biomarker:\u003c\/strong\u003e Circulating Humanin levels decline with age in multiple species, and epidemiological studies have correlated higher Humanin levels with improved metabolic parameters in elderly human cohorts, establishing it as a potential aging biomarker.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDosage per vial:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5mg lyophilized powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥98% (HPLC verified)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSequence:\u003c\/strong\u003e MAPRGFSCLLLLTSEIDLPVKRRA (24 aa)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e ~2,687 Da\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e -20°C, protected from light\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003eHumanin\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our product is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability, shipped worldwide in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying mitochondrial peptides and cellular protection may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/mots-c\"\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ss-31\"\u003eSS-31\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/epitalon\"\u003eEpitalon\u003c\/a\u003e. For a complete overview, browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anti-aging\"\u003eAnti-Aging Research\u003c\/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/cellular-energy\"\u003eCellular Energy Research\u003c\/a\u003e collections.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":61420738085194,"sku":"PBL-HUMANIN-5MG","price":44.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-humanin-peptide-5mg-research-grade.webp?v=1774393571"},{"product_id":"pancragen","title":"Pancragen","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pb-product-desc\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePancragen (Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp) — Pancreatic Bioregulator Peptide for Metabolic Research\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePancragen\u003c\/strong\u003e is a synthetic tetrapeptide bioregulator (Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp) developed at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology under the direction of Professor Vladimir Khavinson. As a pancreas-specific bioregulator, Pancragen has been characterized for its selective modulatory effects on pancreatic islet cell gene expression, insulin secretion dynamics, and beta cell resilience. Research published in \u003cem\u003eBulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine\u003c\/em\u003e has documented its capacity to normalize glycemic regulation parameters and preserve islet architecture in aged and metabolically stressed animal models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePancragen\u003c\/strong\u003e interacts with specific DNA sequences in promoter regions of genes critical for pancreatic islet function. The KEDW tetrapeptide modulates chromatin accessibility at loci encoding insulin (INS gene), glucokinase (GCK), pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1), and glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2). Research has demonstrated that Pancragen restores age-diminished PDX-1 expression—the master transcription factor for beta cell identity and insulin gene transcription—in aged islet preparations, effectively reprogramming metabolic sensing capacity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBeta Cell Function:\u003c\/strong\u003e In-vitro glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assays have demonstrated that \u003cstrong\u003ePancragen\u003c\/strong\u003e restores first-phase insulin release kinetics in aged murine islets, normalizing the biphasic secretion pattern characteristic of healthy beta cells.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIslet Preservation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Histological studies in aged rodent pancreatic tissue have shown maintained islet size distribution, preserved alpha\/beta cell ratio, and reduced amyloid deposition following chronic Pancragen treatment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMetabolic Gene Expression:\u003c\/strong\u003e Transcriptomic analysis of Pancragen-treated islets has revealed normalized expression of key metabolic sensors including GCK, KATP channel subunits (SUR1\/Kir6.2), and voltage-gated calcium channels essential for stimulus-secretion coupling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCellular Energy Metabolism:\u003c\/strong\u003e Research has demonstrated enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production in beta cells treated with Pancragen, improving the metabolic coupling efficiency between glucose sensing and insulin exocytosis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTechnical Specifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDosage per vial:\u003c\/strong\u003e 10mg lyophilized powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥98% (HPLC verified)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSequence:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp (KEDW tetrapeptide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 562.57 Da\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e -20°C, protected from light\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eWhy Researchers Choose Peptides BioLab\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery batch of \u003cstrong\u003ePancragen\u003c\/strong\u003e supplied by Peptides BioLab undergoes rigorous HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, ensuring ≥98% purity verified by an independent Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our product is supplied as a lyophilized powder for maximum stability, shipped worldwide in temperature-controlled packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRelated Research Peptides\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers studying pancreatic bioregulation and metabolic pathways may also find these compounds relevant: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/mots-c\"\u003eMOTS-c\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ss-31\"\u003eSS-31\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"\/products\/aicar\"\u003eAICAR\u003c\/a\u003e. For a complete overview, browse our \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/cellular-energy\"\u003eCellular Energy Research\u003c\/a\u003e collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research purposes only — Not for human consumption. All products are intended solely for in-vitro research and laboratory use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Peptides BioLab","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":61420761383242,"sku":"PBL-PANCRAGEN-10MG","price":29.99,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/files\/peptides-biolab-pancragen-bioregulator-peptide-10mg-research-grade.webp?v=1774393582"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0998\/9429\/6906\/collections\/peptides-biolab-mots-c-mitochondrial-peptide-10mg-research-grade.webp?v=1774382728","url":"https:\/\/peptides-biolab.com\/collections\/cellular-energy.oembed","provider":"Peptides BioLab","version":"1.0","type":"link"}